Bermuda (58.8 km2)

Jersey (116 km2)

Liechtenstein (160 km2)

Guernsey (194 km2)

Cayman Islands (259 km2)

Andorra (468 km2)

Singapore (647.5 km2)

Hong Kong (1,092 km2)

Luxembourg (2,586 km2)

All ten countries have minor primary sectors ranging from negligible in Gibraltar, Singapore and Hong Kong to 4% and 5% in Guernsey and Jersey. Not only are there few natural resources in small countries but, because of space constraints and therefore the high cost of land, it is uneconomical to develop significant manufacturing industry. This is especially true of islands where all the raw materials for manufacture have to be imported by sea. The manufacturing industries in Bermuda are construction, the electricity, water and gas utilities, printing and some food and beverage manufacturing. These industries account for 10% of the work force, 60% of which is in the construction industry. Manufacturing industries in the other nine countries are also moderate being smallest in the islands. Islands' manufacturing industries vary from 2% in Jersey to 13% in Cayman Islands. Small countries with land connections have a bigger manufacturing sector varying from 14% in Luxembourg to 40% in Gibraltar and 45% in Liechtenstein.

In order to survive economically, with virtually no natural resources and few manufacturing industries, small countries are forced to specialise in providing services. In all ten small countries, the service sector of the economy accounts for more than 50%. The percentages vary from 53% in Liechtenstein to 86% in the Cayman Islands (95% in Terms of GDP) to 89% in Bermuda and 93% in terms of GDP in Jersey.

Given that the vast majority of jobs needed in successful small countries are in the service sector, hundreds of extractive and manufacturing occupations, which exist in larger countries, are simply not available. Small countries therefore have a very

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